Replacement of one community of organisms by another, caused by climate, soil, disturbances, or the activity of the organisms themselves; in forest ecosystems, it refers to the temporal sequence of successional stages from pioneer to climax communities.
- INTRODUCTION
- BASIC ASPECTS OF (EUROPEAN) FOREST RESOURCES
- ECOLOGY OF TREES (autecology)
- FOREST ECOLOGY (synecology)
- REGIONAL FOREST TYPES (Forest biomes)
- FOREST STAND DESCRIPTION (inventory and monitoring)
- SILVICULTURE
- FOREST MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
- APPLICATIONS, EXAMPLES, AND CASE STUDIES
- 59. Regional silvicultural systems
- 60. Forest enterprises
- 61. Field experiments
- 62. Model forests
- 63. Urban forests
- 64. Case: Scandinavian industrial forestry
- 65. Case: City forest
- 66. Case: Atlantic production forest
- 67. Case: Mountain forest
- 68. Case: Mediterranean forest / Agroforestry
- 69. Case: Central European state forest enterprise
- 70. Case: central European private forest estate
- 71. Case: forest management for conservation
- OUTLOOK