A silvicultural intervention for stand tending in pole and tree/timber stages. In contrast to cleaning, thinning focuses on promoting selected trees (crop trees) that correspond to management objectives (positive selection). The competitive situation of the crop trees is improved by removing neighboring trees that suppress them or are of lower quality, thereby increasing growing space and enhancing overall stand quality. Thinning reduces stand density earlier and more strongly than would occur under undisturbed natural dynamics.
- INTRODUCTION
- BASIC ASPECTS OF (EUROPEAN) FOREST RESOURCES
- ECOLOGY OF TREES (autecology)
- FOREST ECOLOGY (synecology)
- REGIONAL FOREST TYPES (Forest biomes)
- FOREST STAND DESCRIPTION (inventory and monitoring)
- SILVICULTURE
- FOREST MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
- APPLICATIONS, EXAMPLES, AND CASE STUDIES
- 59. Regional silvicultural systems
- 60. Forest enterprises
- 61. Field experiments
- 62. Model forests
- 63. Urban forests
- 64. Case: Scandinavian industrial forestry
- 65. Case: City forest
- 66. Case: Atlantic production forest
- 67. Case: Mountain forest
- 68. Case: Mediterranean forest / Agroforestry
- 69. Case: Central European state forest enterprise
- 70. Case: central European private forest estate
- 71. Case: forest management for conservation
- OUTLOOK
